tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923654623409244615.post-23119621810212371672007-10-11T22:38:00.000-07:002008-05-25T22:03:51.014-07:00<div style="text-align: justify;"><strong><br /></strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:78%;">Chronology of the crusades (from Charemagne to the the capture of Acre by Muslims)</span></div><div align="center"><span style="font-size:78%;"></span></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"><br />800<br />Charlemagne appointed emperor of western Christian empire by the Pope on Christmas day, 800 – (Gregorian Calendar)<br /><br />955<br />Aelfric or Grammaticus c.955 1020, great English writer in Anglo Saxon period. - He wrote first Christian texts in English and wrote 'Lives of Saints', translated Latin religious works<br /><br />960<br />Dunstan became Archbishop of Canterbury - d. 988<br /><br />975<br />Clergy and feudal lords of south England fight against monks and yeomen of the north.<br /><br />1027<br />Canute makes pilgrimage to Rome and returned 1029<br /><br />1031<br />Moors (Muslims) establish kingdom in South Spain<br /><br />1042Westminster Abbey founded<br /><br />1054<br />Pope Leo IX excommunicates Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople. The schism between Greek and Roman churches is complete<br /><br />1070<br />Stigand deposed and Lanfranc made Archbishop of Canterbury, He died in 1089 leaving a four years vacancy<br /><br />1071<br />Turks (Muslims) establish power throughout Western Asia<br /><br />1073<br />Gregory VII (Hildebrand) became Pope - d. 1085<br /><br />1077<br />Henry IV, Western Emperor excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII<br /><br />1085<br />Toledo retaken by Christians - Islam power in Spain declines<br /><br />1095<br />First Crusade 1094-1099</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">1139<br />King Stephen arrested the Bishop of Salisbury (the Justiciar) and other bishops - Stephen<br />captured at Lincoln in 1141<br /><br />1147<br />Second Crusade 1147-1149<br /><br />1154<br />Thomas Beckett became Chancellor<br /><br />1154<br />Nicholas Breakspeare became Pope Adrian IV - he was the only English Pope 1154-<br />1159 - he issued Bull to Henry II for the conquest of Ireland<br /><br />1161<br />Pope Innocent III (1161 - 1216) elected Pope 1198<br /><br />1162<br />Thomas Beckett appointed Archbishop of Canterbury<br /><br />1163<br />Beckett quarrelled with Henry II<br /><br />1164<br />A code of ecclesiastical law drawn up - adopted by Beckett<br /><br />1167<br />Louis VII of France gave shelter to Beckett<br /><br />1170<br />Beckett is murdered at Canterbury<br /><br />1170<br />Birth of Domingo de Guzman - died 1221 - he founded the Dominican Order - forerunner to the inquisitions<br /><br />1189<br />Third Crusade 1189-1192 - King Richard I persecutes Jews<br /><br />1190<br />William Longhamp became papal legate<br /><br />1191<br />King Richard I arrived at Acre, Palestine - captures it<br /><br />1191Geoffrey, Archbishop of York, expelled Longchamp</div><div align="justify">1198<br />Bishop of Lincoln successfully refused to pay money to support war with France and Innocent III – He became a Pope<br /><br />1204<br />Fourth Crusade<br /><br />1205<br />Archbishop Hubert Walter died<br /><br />1206<br />Pope Innocent III (b.1161 as Lotario de Conti di Segni d.1216) - He made monks of<br />Canterbury elect - Stephen Langton became Archbishop of Canterbury<br /><br />1208<br />King John refuses to receive Langton - England placed under an interdict by Pope Innocent III<br /><br />In this year the dreaded inquisitions ordered by Pope Innocent III began - and the Albigensian<br /><br />Crusade 1208-1229 began - Albigensians were cruelly annihilated by Roman Church mercenaries<br /><br />1209<br />Pope Innocent III excommunicated King John who seized property of bishops as revenge<br /><br />1211</div><div align="justify">Pope Innocent III threatened to depose John<br /><br />1213<br />King John reconciled to the Church, promised annual payment to the Church of 1000 marks and received Langton (on his knees)<br /><br />1215<br />Pope Innocent III imposed restrictions on all Jews who had to wear identifying badges – Thousands of Jews killed during Crusades, Magna Carta was promulgated in England<br /><br />1216<br />Fifth Crusade 1216-1220 - Pope Innocent III died<br /><br />1226<br />The Pope's demand for money from English church was rejected<br /><br />1228<br />Frederick II entered Jerusalem and crowned king<br /><br />1228</div><div align="justify">Muslims recaptured Jerusalem</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"><br />1229<br />Pope Gregory IX levied a tenth of all property, the barons resist - but clergy had to grant levies<br /><br />1234<br />Edmund Rich, Archbishop of Canterbury insisted on dismissal of Peter des Roches a<br />guardian of young king Henry III<br /><br />1237<br />Cardinal Otho as papal legate caused great unrest for his continuance of papal exactions<br /><br />1241<br />The queen's uncle Boniface of Savoy was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury he was<br />consecrated in 1245<br /><br />1244<br />Muslims (Muhammad) again took Jerusalem<br /><br />1245<br />Frederick excommunicated by Pope Innocent IV at Lyons - Archbishop Langton died<br /><br />1246<br />the Council of Lyons the English complain about 60 000 marks given each year to the<br />foreign (Roman) Pope<br /><br />1248<br />Sixth Crusade 1248-1254 - Pope Innocent IV ordered inquisitions in Italy, Germany and Spain. The iniquitous Inquisition was finally abolished in Spain in (1834) Its last days were over the Period of 832-5 and presently exists as a tribunal in Rome. It is renamed as "The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith" - It no longer uses red-hot pokers, racks and burning victims to death, even on dissenting Priests and Sisters. But, they can be made to "explain" before the "Catholic Church Tribunal" as they had to in the days of the Inquisition.<br /><br />1254<br />The Pope with young Henry's name and credit warred in Sicily<br /><br />1256<br />The claim to `annates' is first made in England by Pope Alexander IV and lasted for<br />five years<br /><br />1257<br />Richard, Henry's brother became king of the Romans<br /><br />1259 Ottoman (Osman - 1259-1326) founded an Islam dynasty</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">1261</div><div align="justify">Henry received absolutions from the Pope</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">1268<br />Prince Edward took the cross and went to the seventh Crusade in 1270<br /><br />1290</div><div align="justify">Edward I, beggared and expelled Jews from England</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">1291</div><div align="justify">Muslims capture Acre the last Christian stronghold in Palestine<br /><br /></div><div align="justify"></div>secbloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03028325472038557621noreply@blogger.com